Full product name
Hla Class 2 Histocompatibility Antigen, Dp Alpha 1 Chain
Code
E5424Hu
Assay type
Sandwich
Size
48T,96T
Sensitivity
35.14ng/L
Detection range
70-15000ng/L
Sample type
Serum, plasma, cell culture supernates
Species
Human
Storage
2-8ºC
Assay time
1h 30m
Background
Binds Peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The Peptide binding cleft accommodates Peptides of 10-30 residues. The Peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous Peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain Peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic Peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a Peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient Peptide loading.
UniProt accession
MASS(Da)
29,381
GeneID
3113
Synonyms
DP(W3;DP(W4;HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain;HLA DP;HLA-DPA1;HLA-SB alpha chain;MHC class II DP3-alpha;MHC class II DPA1;PHLA DPA1;
Gene names
HLA-DPA1
Research area
Immunology
Target protein
HLA-DPA1